Gịnị ka absorption ọnụọgụ nke ihe nkiri capacitors na-ezo aka?Ka ọ dị ntakịrị, ọ ka mma?

Tupu ewebata ọnụọgụ nke absorption nke ihe nkiri capacitors, ka anyị lelee ihe bụ dielectric, polarization nke dielectric na ihe nnabata nke capacitor.

Dielectric

A dielectric bụ ihe na-adịghị eme ihe, ya bụ, ihe mkpuchi, na-enweghị ụgwọ dị n'ime ya nke nwere ike ịkwaga. Ọ bụrụ na a na-etinye dielectric n'ime oghere electrostatic, electrons na nuclei nke atom dielectric na-eme "mmegharị microscopic ikwu" n'ime oghere atomiki. n'okpuru ọrụ nke ike eletrik, ma ọ bụghị "macroscopic ije" pụọ na atom nke ha bụ, dị ka free electrons na a conductor.Mgbe a ruru nha nha electrostatic, ike ubi dị n'ime dielectric abụghị efu.Nke a bụ isi ihe dị iche n'etiti ihe ọkụ eletrik nke dielectrics na ndị nduzi.

Dielectric polarization

N'okpuru ọrụ nke ọkụ eletrik etinyere, oge macroscopic dipole na-apụta n'ime dielectric n'akụkụ ntụziaka ọkụ eletrik, na ụgwọ agbụ na-egosi na elu dielectric, nke bụ polarization nke dielectric.

The absorption phenomen

ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe oge na usoro nchaji na ịchafụ nke capacitor kpatara site na ngwa ngwa polarization nke dielectric n'okpuru omume nke etinyere ọkụ eletrik.Nghọta a na-ahụkarị bụ na achọrọ ka capacitor kwụọ ụgwọ ngwa ngwa, mana ọ naghị eju ya ozugbo;achọrọ capacitor ka ọ hapụ ụgwọ ahụ kpamkpam, mana anaghị ahapụ ya, na oge nkwụsị oge na-eme.

Ọnụọgụ absorption nke capacitor ihe nkiri

Uru eji akọwa ihe njiri mara dielectric nke ihe nkiri capacitors ka a na-akpọ ọnụọgụ absorption, nke Ka na-ezo aka ya.Mmetụta absorption nke dielectric nke ndị na-emepụta ihe nkiri na-ekpebi njirimara ugboro ole dị ala nke capacitors, na Ka uru dịgasị iche iche maka ndị dị iche iche dielectric capacitors.Nsonaazụ nha dịgasị iche iche maka oge ule dị iche iche nke otu capacitor;Uru Ka na-adịkwa iche maka capacitors nke otu nkọwapụta, ndị nrụpụta dị iche iche, na batches dị iche iche.

Yabụ enwere ajụjụ abụọ ugbu a-

Q1.Ọnụ ọgụgụ absorption nke capacitors ihe nkiri dị obere ka enwere ike?

Q2.Gịnị bụ mmetụta ọjọọ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ absorption ka ukwuu?

A1:

N'okpuru omume nke ọkụ eletrik etinyere: nke nta Ka (obere absorption ọnụọgụ) → na-esighi ike na polarization nke dielectric (ie insulator) → na ala na-ejikọta ike na dielectric elu → nke nta na ike njikọ nke dielectric na ụgwọ traction. → na-esiwanye ike ihe nnabata nke capacitor → capacitor na-akwụ ụgwọ ma na-agbapụ ngwa ngwa.Ọnọdụ dị mma: Ka bụ 0, ntụgharị ọnụọgụ absorption bụ 0, dielectric (ie insulator) enweghị ihe ngosi polarization n'okpuru ọrụ nke ọkụ eletrik etinyere, elu dielectric enweghị ike ijikọ ike na ụgwọ ahụ, yana ụgwọ capacitor na nzaghachi mwepụ. enweghị hysteresis.Ya mere, ọnụọgụ absorption nke capacitor ihe nkiri dị ntakịrị ka mma.

A2:

Mmetụta nke capacitor nwere oke uru Ka dị na sekit dị iche iche na-egosipụta onwe ya n'ụdị dị iche iche, dị ka ndị a.

1) Sekit dị iche iche na-aghọ sekit jikọtara ọnụ

2) Sawtooth sekit na-ebute nlọghachi nke ebili mmiri sawtooth, yabụ sekit enweghị ike ịgbake ngwa ngwa

3) Oke, clamps, warara pulse mmepụta waveform distortion

4) Oge mgbe niile nke ultra-low ugboro smoothing filter na-aghọ nnukwu

(5) DC amplifier efu ntụpọ na-akpaghasị, mkpagharị otu ụzọ

6) Izi ezi nke sampling na njide sekit na-ebelata

7) Drift nke DC na-arụ ọrụ n'ókè nke linear amplifier

8) Mmụba ripple na sekit ọkọnọ ike

Ọrụ niile dị n'elu nke mmetụta absorption dielectric enweghị ikewapụ na isi nke "inertia" nke capacitor, ya bụ, n'oge a kapịrị ọnụ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ maka uru a na-atụ anya ya, na ntụgharị nke ọzọ bụ ikpe ahụ.

Nguzogide mkpuchi (ma ọ bụ ntapu nke ugbu a) nke capacitor nwere uru Ka buru ibu dị iche na nke ezigbo capacitor (Ka = 0) n'ihi na ọ na-abawanye na ogologo oge ule (leakage current na-ebelata).Oge ule ugbu a akọwapụtara na China bụ otu nkeji.