Ndị na-agbanwe ihe dị iche iche so n'ìgwè ndị na-agbanwe ihe dị iche iche, nke gụnyere ọtụtụ n'ime ha taa.'ngwaọrụ ndị nwere ike"tọghata"paramita eletriki dị na ntinye, dịka voltaji na ugboro ole, iji mepụta mmepụta nke dabara na ihe achọrọ nke ibu ahụ.

N'ozuzu, inverters bụ ngwaọrụ nwere ike ịtụgharị ọkụ eletrik ozugbo ka ọ bụrụ ọkụ eletrik na-agbanwe agbanwe ma bụrụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na ngwa akpaaka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na draịva eletriki. Nhazi na nhazi nke ụdị inverter dị iche iche na-agbanwe dịka ngwa ọ bụla si dị, ọbụlagodi na isi ihe bụ isi ha bụ otu (ntụgharị DC gaa na AC).

1. Ndị na-agbanwe ihe na-anaghị adabere na Grid

A na-ekewa Inverters eji eme ihe na ngwa fotovoltaic n'ime isi ihe abụọ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme:

:Ndị na-agbanwe ihe na-anọpụ iche

:Ndị na-agbanwe ihe jikọtara na grid

Ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe nọọrọ onwe ha bụ maka ngwa ebe osisi PV anaghị ejikọ na netwọk nkesa ike bụ isi. Inverter nwere ike inye ike eletriki na ibu ndị ejikọtara, na-ahụ na paramita eletriki bụ isi kwụsiri ike (voltaji na ugboro ole). Nke a na-eme ka ha nọrọ n'ime oke akọwapụtara, na-enwe ike iguzogide ọnọdụ ibu arọ nwa oge. N'ọnọdụ a, a na-ejikọ inverter na sistemụ nchekwa batrị iji hụ na ọkọnọ ike na-aga n'ihu.

N'aka nke ọzọ, inverters jikọtara grid nwere ike ijikọ na grid eletrik nke ejikọtara ha na ya n'ihi na, n'ọnọdụ a, voltaji na ugboro ole dị"amachibidoro"site na isi grid. Ndị inverters a ga-enwe ike ịkwụsị ma ọ bụrụ na isi grid ahụ ada ada iji zere nnyefe azụ ọ bụla nke isi grid, nke nwere ike ịbụ nnukwu ihe egwu.

Foto nke 1 - Ihe atụ nke sistemụ kwụụrụ onwe ya na sistemụ njikọ grid. Foto sitere n'aka Biblus.

2.Kedu ọrụ nke Capacitor bọs?

Ebumnuche nke inverter bụ ịgbanwe voltaji ebili mmiri DC ka ọ bụrụ akara AC iji tinye ike n'ime ibu (dịka ọmụmaatụ grid ike) na ugboro ole enyere yana obere akụkụ nkebi (φ ≈0). E gosiri sekit dị mfe maka otu usoro otu ogidi Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) na eserese ahụ.2 (otu usoro izugbe ahụ nwere ike ịgbatị ruo na usoro nkebi atọ). N'ime atụmatụ a, a na-akpụ usoro PV, nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka isi iyi voltaji DC nwere ụfọdụ inductance isi mmalite, ka ọ bụrụ akara AC site na swiitị IGBT anọ n'otu oge ya na diodes freewheeling. A na-achịkwa swiitị ndị a n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá site na mgbaàmà PWM, nke bụkarị mmepụta nke IC nke na-atụnyere ebili mmiri ebu ibu (na-abụkarị ebili mmiri sine nke ugboro mmepụta achọrọ) na ebili mmiri ntụaka na ugboro dị elu karịa (karịsịa ebili mmiri triangle na 5-20kHz). A na-akpụpụta mmepụta nke IGBTs ka ọ bụrụ akara AC dabara adaba maka ojiji ma ọ bụ ntụtụ grid site na iji ụdị topologies nke nzacha LC dị iche iche.

Nweta Ọnụahịa

Foto nke 2: Mgbanwe Obosara Pulsed (PWM) nke otu usoroNtọala inverter. Mgbanwe IGBT, yana nzacha mmepụta LC, na-akpụpụta akara ntinye DC ka ọ bụrụ akara AC a na-eji eme ihe. Nke a na-akpalitevoltaji na-emebi emebi na-agafe na njedebe PV.A na-etinye capacitor nha iji belata ripple a.

Ọrụ nke IGBTs na-etinye voltaji ripple n'elu njedebe nke usoro PV. Ripple a na-emebi ọrụ nke sistemụ PV, ebe ọ bụ na voltaji aha ejiri mee ihe na njedebe kwesịrị ijide na ebe kachasị ike (MPP) nke usoro IV iji wepụta ike kachasị. Ripple voltaji na njedebe PV ga-eme ka ike ewepụtara na sistemụ ahụ dị egwu, nke na-ebute

ike dị ala karịa nkezi (Foto nke 3). A na-agbakwunye capacitor n'elu bọs ahụ iji mee ka ripple voltaji ahụ dị nro.

Foto nke 3: Mgbagharị voltaji nke atụmatụ PWM inverter tinyere na njedebe PV na-agbanwe voltaji etinyere na isi ike kachasị (MPP) nke usoro PV. Nke a na-ewebata mgbagharị na mmepụta ike nke usoro ahụ ka ike mmepụta nkezi dị ala karịa MPP aha.

A na-ekpebi oke (elu ruo elu) nke ripple voltaji site na ugboro mgbanwe, voltaji PV, ikike bọs, na inductance nzacha dịka:

ebe:

VPV bụ voltaji DC panel anyanwụ,

Cbus bụ ikike nke capacitor bọs,

L bụ inductance nke inductor nzacha,

fPWM bụ ugboro mgbanwe.

Nha nhata (1) metụtara capacitor zuru oke nke na-egbochi chajị ịgafe na capacitor mgbe a na-achaji ya wee wepụta ike dị na mpaghara eletriki na-enweghị nguzogide. N'eziokwu, ọ dịghị capacitor zuru oke (Foto 4) mana ọ mejupụtara ọtụtụ ihe. Na mgbakwunye na capacitance zuru oke, dielectric anaghị eguzogide nke ọma ma obere ọkụ ntapu na-asọ site na anode gaa na cathode n'akụkụ nguzogide shunt finite (Rsh), na-agafe capacitance dielectric (C). Mgbe ọkụ eletrik na-agafe na capacitor na-asọ, pin, foils, na dielectric anaghị eduzi nke ọma ma enwere nguzogide usoro nhata (ESR) n'usoro yana capacitance. N'ikpeazụ, capacitor na-echekwa ike ụfọdụ na mpaghara magnet, yabụ enwere inductance usoro nhata (ESL) n'usoro yana capacitance na ESR.

Foto nke 4: Sekit nhata nke capacitor nkịtị. Kapasitọ bụnke nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị na-adịghị mma, gụnyere ike dielectric (C), nguzogide shunt na-enweghị njedebe site na dielectric nke na-agafe capacitor, nguzogide usoro (ESR), na inductance usoro (ESL).

Ọbụna n'ime ihe dị ka ihe dị mfe dịka capacitor, e nwere ọtụtụ ihe nwere ike ịda ma ọ bụ mebie. Ihe ndị a niile nwere ike imetụta omume nke inverter, ma n'akụkụ AC na DC. Iji chọpụta mmetụta mmebi nke ihe ndị na-abụghị ezigbo capacitor nwere na ripple voltaji ewebatara n'ofe ọdụ PV, e jiri SPICE mee ihe atụ nke PWM unipolar H-bridge inverter (Foto nke 2). A na-ejide capacitors nzacha na inductors na 250µF na 20mH, n'otu n'otu. A na-enweta ụdị SPICE maka IGBTs site na ọrụ nke Petrie et al. A na-ekpebi akara PWM, nke na-achịkwa swiitị IGBT, site na sekit comparator na inverting comparator maka swiitị IGBT dị elu na ala, n'otu n'otu. Ntinye maka njikwa PWM bụ 9.5V, 60Hz sine carrier wave na 10V, 10kHz triangle wave.