Ndị ntụgharị so na nnukwu otu ndị ntụgharị agbanwe agbanwe, nke gụnyere ọtụtụ n'ime taa's ngwaọrụ ike"tụgharịa”paramita eletriki na ntinye, dị ka voltaji na ugboro ole, iji mepụta mmepụta nke dabara na ihe achọrọ nke ibu ahụ.

N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, inverters bụ ngwaọrụ nwere ike ịtụgharị ugbu a ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọzọ ma bụrụkwa ihe a na-ahụkarị na ngwa automation ụlọ ọrụ yana draịva eletriki.Ihe owuwu na imewe nke ụdị inverter dị iche iche na-agbanwe dịka ngwa ọ bụla akọwapụtara, ọbụlagodi na isi ebumnuche ha bụ otu (ngbanwe DC na AC).

1.Standalone na Grid-njikọ Inverters

A na-ekewa ndị ntụgharị eji eme ihe na ngwa fotovoltaic n'akụkọ ihe mere eme ụzọ abụọ bụ isi:

:Ndị inverters kwụ ọtọ

:Inverters ejikọrọ grid

Ndị ntụgharị kwụ ọtọ bụ maka ngwa ebe anaghị ejikọta osisi PV na netwọk nkesa ike.Onye ntụgharị ahụ nwere ike ịnye ike eletrik na ibu ejikọrọ, na-eme ka nkwụsi ike nke isi eletrik eletrik (voltaji na ugboro ugboro).Nke a na-edobe ha n'ime oke akọpụtagoro, nwee ike iguzogide ọnọdụ ibufe ibu nwa oge.N'ọnọdụ dị otú a, ihe inverter na-ejikọta ya na usoro nchekwa batrị iji hụ na ọ na-enye ike na-agbanwe agbanwe.

N'aka nke ọzọ, ndị inverters jikọtara grid na-enwe ike ịmekọrịta na grid eletrik nke ejikọrọ ya n'ihi na, na nke a, voltaji na ugboro ole na-adị."manyere”site na isi okporo.Ndị ntụgharị a ga-enwe ike ịpụpụ ma ọ bụrụ na grid isi ada ada ka ịzenarị mbubata grid ọ bụla enwere ike, nke nwere ike ịnọchite anya nnukwu ihe egwu.

Ọgụgụ 1 - Ọmụmaatụ nke sistemu kwụ ọtọ na sistemụ ejikọrọ grid.Foto sitere n'ikike nke blues.

2.Gịnị bụ ọrụ nke ụgbọ ala Capacitor

Ebumnuche nke inverter bụ ịgbanwe voltaji na-efegharị DC ka ọ bụrụ akara AC iji tinye ike n'ime ibu (dịka grid ike) n'otu oge enyere yana yana obere akụkụ akụkụ (φ ≈0).E gosipụtara sekit dị mfe maka otu akụkụ unipolar Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) na eserese.2 (enwere ike ịgbatị otu atụmatụ izugbe na usoro nke atọ).N'ime atụmatụ a, usoro PV, nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka isi iyi voltaji DC nwere ụfọdụ inductance, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ akara ngosi AC site na mgba ọkụ IGBT anọ n'otu n'otu na diodes freewheeling.A na-achịkwa mgbanaka ndị a n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá site na mgbaàmà PWM, nke na-abụkarị mmepụta nke IC na-atụnyere ebili mmiri na-ebu ibu (na-abụkarị ebili mmiri nke oge mmepụta achọrọ) na ntụgharị ntụaka n'ogo dị elu karịa (nke a na-ejikarị triangle). na 5-20 kHz).A na-emepụta mmepụta nke IGBT ka ọ bụrụ akara AC dabara adaba maka ojiji ma ọ bụ ntụtụ grid site na ntinye topologies dị iche iche nke nzacha LC.

Nweta Quote

Ọgụgụ 2: Mgbanwe Obosara Pulsed (PWM) otu nkejintọlite inverter.Mgbanwe IGBT, yana nzacha mmepụta LC, na-akpụ mgbama ntinye DC ka ọ bụrụ akara AC enwere ike iji.Nke a na-eme ka avoltaji na-emebi emebi gafee ọdụ PV.Ụgbọ ala ahụcapacitor na-aba nha ka o wee belata ripple a.

Ọrụ nke IGBT na-ewebata voltaji ripple na njedebe nke PV array.Nke a ripple bụ deleterious na-arụ ọrụ nke PV usoro, ebe ọ bụ na nominal voltaji etinyere na ọnụ ga-enwe na max ike point (MPP) nke IV curve iji wepụ kasị ike.Igwe ọkụ voltaji na ọdụ PV ga-emegharị ike ewepụtara na sistemụ ahụ, na-ebute ya.

mmepụta ike dị ala (Nkeji 3).A na-agbakwunye capacitor n'ime ụgbọ ala iji mee ka voltaji dị nro.

Onyonyo 3: Mgbochi voltaji ewebatara na ọdụ PV site na atụmatụ inverter PWM na-atụgharị voltaji etinyere na ebe ike max (MPP) nke PV array.Nke a na-ewebata mwepu na mmepụta ike nke n'usoro nke mere na nkezi mmepụta ike dị ala karịa MPP n'ọnụ.

A na-ekpebi njupụta (peak ruo elu) nke ripple voltaji site na ngbanwe ugboro, voltaji PV, ikike ụgbọ ala, na inductance nzacha dịka:

ebe:

VPV bụ anyanwụ panel DC voltaji,

Cbus bụ ike nke ụgbọ ala capacitor,

L bụ inductance nke inductors nzacha,

fPWM bụ ugboro mgbanwe.

Nhazi (1) na-emetụta ezigbo capacitor nke na-egbochi ụgwọ ịfefe na capacitor mgbe ị na-ebufe ma wepụta ike dị n'ime ọkụ eletrik na-enweghị nkwụsị.N'ezie, ọ dịghị capacitor dị mma (Nyocha 4) mana ọ nwere ọtụtụ ihe mejupụtara.Na mgbakwunye na ikike dị mma, dielectric adịghị eguzogide nke ọma na obere ntapu nke ugbu a na-esi na anode gaa na cathode tinyere nkwụsị nkwụsị nke njedebe (Rsh), na-agafe ike dielectric capacitance (C).Mgbe ugbu a site na capacitor na-eru, atụdo, foils, na dielectric anaghị eduzi nke ọma yana enwere nguzogide usoro ihe nhata (ESR) n'usoro nwere ikike.N'ikpeazụ, capacitor na-echekwa ike ụfọdụ n'ime oghere magnetik, ya mere enwere usoro inductance (ESL) na usoro ya na capacitance na ESR.

Onyonyo 4: Dakọtara sekit nke generic capacitor.A capacitor bụmejupụtara ọtụtụ ihe na-adịghị mma, gụnyere dielectric capacitance (C), mgbochi shunt na-enweghị njedebe site na dielectric nke na-agafe capacitor, nguzogide usoro (ESR), na inductance series (ESL).

Ọbụlagodi na akụrụngwa dị ka ọ dị mfe dị ka capacitor, enwere ọtụtụ ihe nwere ike ịda ma ọ bụ weda ya ala.Nke ọ bụla n'ime ihe ndị a nwere ike imetụta omume nke inverter, ma n'akụkụ AC na DC.Iji chọpụta mmetụta nbibi nke akụrụngwa capacitor na-adịghị mma nwere na mgbanaka voltaji ewepụtara n'ofe ọnụ PV, a na-eji SPICE mee ihe PWM unipolar H-bridge inverter (Ọnọdụ 2).A na-ejide capacitors na inductors na 250µF na 20mH, n'otu n'otu.Ụdị SPICE maka IGBT sitere na ọrụ nke Petrie et al. Ihe mgbaàmà PWM, nke na-achịkwa IGBT switches, kpebisiri ike site na comparator na inverting comparator circuit for the high and low-side IGBT switches, n'otu n'otu.Ntinye maka njikwa PWM bụ 9.5V, 60Hz sine carrier wave na 10V, 10kHz triangular ebili mmiri.